{"id":1993,"date":"2026-06-28T16:10:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T15:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/seamlessbio.de\/?page_id=1993"},"modified":"2026-06-28T16:13:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T15:13:47","slug":"human-serum-otc-type-ab","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/seamlessbio.de\/de\/human-serum-otc-type-ab\/","title":{"rendered":"Humanes Serum, OTC, Typ AB"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1993\" class=\"elementor elementor-1993\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169e1f1 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-c83d8d1 \" data-id=\"169e1f1\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"169e1f1\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e53b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"14e53b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\nYOAST SEO \u2014 seamlessbio.de\nSlug:        \/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-serum-off-the-clot-type-ab\/\nFocus KW:    human serum off the clot type AB cell culture\nSEO Title:   Human Serum Off-the-Clot Type AB | Maximum Growth Factors | SeamlessBio\nMeta Desc:   Human Serum Off-the-Clot (OTC) Type AB \u2014 whole blood natural clotting, highest growth factor content (PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1, FGF), universal blood type AB. For MSC, HSC, organoids and cell expansion. EU & US origin. SeamlessBio.\nBreadcrumb:  Home \u203a Products \u203a Human Sera & Plasma \u203a Human Serum OTC Type AB\n-->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n      \"itemListElement\": [\n        { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 1, \"name\": \"Home\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/\" },\n        { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 2, \"name\": \"Products\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/\" },\n        { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 3, \"name\": \"Human Sera & Plasma\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/\" },\n        { \"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 4, \"name\": \"Human Serum OTC Type AB\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-serum-off-the-clot-type-ab\/\" }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Product\",\n      \"name\": \"Human Serum Off-the-Clot (OTC) Type AB\",\n      \"brand\": { \"@type\": \"Brand\", \"name\": \"SeamlessBio\" },\n      \"description\": \"Human serum produced by natural whole blood clotting (off-the-clot), collected from blood type AB donors. Contains the highest growth factor spectrum of any human serum preparation \u2014 PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1, FGF released during platelet degranulation. Free of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.\",\n      \"offers\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Offer\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/about-us\/contact-imprint\/\",\n        \"availability\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\/InStock\",\n        \"priceCurrency\": \"EUR\"\n      },\n      \"additionalProperty\": [\n        { \"@type\": \"PropertyValue\", \"name\": \"Collection method\", \"value\": \"Off-the-clot (OTC) \u2014 natural whole blood clotting\" },\n        { \"@type\": \"PropertyValue\", \"name\": \"Blood type\", \"value\": \"AB \u2014 no anti-A or anti-B antibodies\" },\n        { \"@type\": \"PropertyValue\", \"name\": \"Growth factors\", \"value\": \"Maximum \u2014 PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1, FGF, VEGF released by platelet degranulation\" },\n        { \"@type\": \"PropertyValue\", \"name\": \"Sterility\", \"value\": \"0.2 \u00b5m sterile filtered\" }\n      ]\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n      \"mainEntity\": [\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"Question\",\n          \"name\": \"What does off-the-clot mean in human serum?\",\n          \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Off-the-clot (OTC) refers to serum produced from whole blood that is allowed to clot naturally without anticoagulants. During clotting, platelets activate and degranulate, releasing PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1, FGF and other growth factors directly into the serum. This makes OTC serum richer in growth factors than plasma-derived serum, where platelets are removed before the clotting step.\" }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"Question\",\n          \"name\": \"Why is blood type AB important for cell culture serum?\",\n          \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Blood type AB donors have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their serum, making it universally compatible for use with human cells of any blood type. For cell culture with human cell lines, this eliminates the risk of agglutination or antibody-mediated interference that could occur with serum from type A, B or O donors.\" }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"Question\",\n          \"name\": \"What is the difference between OTC serum and plasma-derived serum?\",\n          \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"OTC serum is produced from whole blood that is allowed to clot naturally. Platelet degranulation during clotting releases growth factors (PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1, FGF) into the serum, making it the richest human serum format. Plasma-derived serum is produced from plasma where platelets are removed before clotting is induced \u2014 platelet degranulation does not occur, resulting in significantly lower growth factor content. OTC is preferred for cell expansion applications.\" }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"Question\",\n          \"name\": \"Is Human Serum OTC Type AB suitable for MSC expansion?\",\n          \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Human AB serum (off-the-clot) has been validated for MSC expansion from bone marrow, adipose tissue and other sources in multiple peer-reviewed studies. It typically performs equivalently to or better than FBS for MSC expansion while providing xeno-free compliance. Typical concentration is 5\u201310% in standard MSC expansion medium.\" }\n        },\n        {\n          \"@type\": \"Question\",\n          \"name\": \"Should OTC Type AB serum be heat inactivated?\",\n          \"acceptedAnswer\": { \"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"For most cell expansion applications (MSC, HSC, CAR-T), non-heat-inactivated OTC serum is preferred because growth factors are partially heat-labile. Heat inactivation (56\u00b0C, 30 min) is appropriate for hematopoietic cell culture, complement-sensitive assays and immunological studies where complement activity could interfere with results.\" }\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n<section class=\"sb-otc-page\">\n<div class=\"sb-otc-container\">\n\n  <nav class=\"sb-otc-bc\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/\">Home<\/a><span>\/<\/span>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/\">Human Sera & Plasma<\/a><span>\/<\/span>\n    <strong>Human Serum OTC Type AB<\/strong>\n  <\/nav>\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-hero\">\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-hero-text\">\n      <span class=\"sb-otc-eyebrow\">Off-the-Clot \u00b7 Blood Type AB \u00b7 Maximum Growth Factors<\/span>\n      <h1>Human Serum Off-the-Clot Type AB<\/h1>\n      <p>Human serum produced by natural whole blood clotting from blood type AB donors \u2014 the richest growth factor format of any human serum preparation. Platelet degranulation during natural clotting releases PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1 and FGF directly into the serum. Universal blood type: free of anti-A and anti-B antibodies.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-hero-tags\">\n        <span>Off-the-Clot (OTC)<\/span>\n        <span>Blood Type AB<\/span>\n        <span>Maximum Growth Factors<\/span>\n        <span>MSC \u00b7 HSC \u00b7 Organoids<\/span>\n        <span>Xeno-Free Option<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-hero-btns\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/about-us\/contact-imprint\/\" class=\"sb-otc-btn\">Request Quote \/ Sample<\/a>\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.seamlessbio.de\" class=\"sb-otc-btn-outline\">Order in Shop<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-hero-image\">\n      <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/human-serum-otc-type-ab-seamlessbio.png\"\n           alt=\"Human Serum OTC Type AB, SeamlessBio\"\n           onerror=\"this.style.display='none'; this.nextElementSibling.style.display='flex';\">\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-img-fallback\" style=\"display:none;\">Product image placeholder<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- KEY FACTS -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-facts\">\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-fact\">\n      <span class=\"sb-otc-fact-n\">OTC<\/span>\n      <span>Natural whole blood clotting \u2014 maximum platelet degranulation<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-fact\">\n      <span class=\"sb-otc-fact-n\">Type AB<\/span>\n      <span>No anti-A or anti-B antibodies \u2014 universal for all human cell types<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-fact\">\n      <span class=\"sb-otc-fact-n\">PDGF \u00b7 EGF \u00b7 FGF<\/span>\n      <span>Highest growth factor content vs. plasma-derived preparations<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-fact\">\n      <span class=\"sb-otc-fact-n\">EU + US<\/span>\n      <span>Multiple origins \u00b7 Full donor screening documentation<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- SCIENCE OF OTC -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-section\">\n    <h2>The Science of Off-the-Clot Serum \u2014 Why It Matters<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-two-col\">\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-text\">\n        <h3>What Happens During Natural Clotting<\/h3>\n        <p>When whole blood is allowed to clot naturally without anticoagulants \u2014 the off-the-clot (OTC) process \u2014 the coagulation cascade proceeds from start to finish. Critically, platelets activate during this process and undergo full degranulation, releasing their entire alpha-granule and dense granule contents directly into the forming serum.<\/p>\n        <p>This platelet degranulation step is the defining feature of OTC serum. Platelets are dense stores of growth factors that are normally released only at sites of injury and tissue repair. During OTC preparation, their full growth factor payload is released into the serum:<\/p>\n        <table class=\"sb-otc-gf-table\">\n          <thead><tr><th>Growth Factor<\/th><th>Source<\/th><th>Key Function in Cell Culture<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr><td>PDGF (AA, BB, AB)<\/td><td>Platelet alpha-granules<\/td><td>Mitogenic for fibroblasts, MSC, smooth muscle cells<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td>EGF<\/td><td>Platelet alpha-granules<\/td><td>Proliferation of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, organoids<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td>TGF-\u03b21<\/td><td>Platelet alpha-granules<\/td><td>MSC differentiation, immunomodulation<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td>IGF-1<\/td><td>Platelet alpha-granules<\/td><td>Survival and proliferation across multiple cell types<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td>FGF<\/td><td>Platelet alpha-granules<\/td><td>Stemness maintenance, angiogenesis, fibroblast expansion<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td>VEGF<\/td><td>Platelet alpha-granules<\/td><td>Endothelial cell support, angiogenesis models<\/td><\/tr>\n            <tr><td>Serotonin, ATP<\/td><td>Platelet dense granules<\/td><td>Metabolic signals, paracrine cell communication<\/td><\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n\n        <h3>OTC vs. Plasma-Derived: The Critical Difference<\/h3>\n        <p>Plasma-derived serum is prepared from plasma that has been separated from whole blood before clotting is induced. Because platelets are removed with the cellular fraction before the clotting step, platelet degranulation does not occur during the serum preparation process. The result is a product with significantly reduced concentrations of platelet-derived growth factors.<\/p>\n        <p>For cell expansion applications where proliferative support is the primary requirement, OTC serum consistently outperforms plasma-derived preparations. For applications requiring controlled, low-growth-factor conditions, plasma-derived serum may be preferred \u2014 but for MSC expansion, HSC culture, organoid initiation and T-cell expansion, OTC is the correct format.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-side\">\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-compare-box\">\n          <h3>OTC vs. Plasma-Derived Human Serum<\/h3>\n          <table class=\"sb-otc-cmp\">\n            <thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>OTC<\/th><th>Plasma-Derived<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n              <tr><td>Collection method<\/td><td>Whole blood, natural clot<\/td><td>Plasma apheresis then induced clotting<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>Platelet degranulation<\/td><td>Yes \u2014 full<\/td><td>No \u2014 platelets removed pre-clotting<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>PDGF content<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Low<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>EGF content<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Lower<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>TGF-\u03b2 content<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>Lower<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>Fibrinogen<\/td><td>Absent (consumed)<\/td><td>Absent (consumed)<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>Clotting factors<\/td><td>Absent (consumed)<\/td><td>Absent (consumed)<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>Scalability<\/td><td>More donors per batch<\/td><td>More scalable via apheresis<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>Cost<\/td><td>Higher<\/td><td>Lower<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr><td>Best for<\/td><td>Cell expansion, MSC, HSC, organoids<\/td><td>Volume-sensitive, cost-driven applications<\/td><\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-why-ab\">\n          <h3>Why Blood Type AB?<\/h3>\n          <p>Blood group AB individuals express both A and B antigens on their red blood cells and \u2014 crucially \u2014 carry <strong>neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies<\/strong> in their serum. This makes AB serum universally compatible for use with human cells of any blood type.<\/p>\n          <p>When serum from blood type A, B or O donors is used in cell culture, the anti-A or anti-B antibodies present can interact with blood group antigens expressed on human cell lines and primary cells, triggering complement-mediated effects or antibody-dependent interference. Type AB eliminates this risk entirely.<\/p>\n          <p>This is why Type AB is the standard human serum format for:<\/p>\n          <ul class=\"sb-otc-ul\">\n            <li>Plasmodium falciparum culture (requires AB, no agglutination of infected erythrocytes)<\/li>\n            <li>MSC and HSC expansion (human cells express A\/B antigens)<\/li>\n            <li>CAR-T manufacturing (consistent across patient blood types)<\/li>\n            <li>PBMC culture for T-cell assays (avoids blood type-specific interference)<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- APPLICATIONS -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-section sb-otc-alt\">\n    <h2>Applications<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-app-grid\">\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-app\">\n        <h3>MSC Expansion \u2014 Bone Marrow, Adipose, Cord<\/h3>\n        <p>Human AB serum (OTC) has been validated in multiple peer-reviewed studies for MSC expansion from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Pre-clinical data demonstrates performance equivalent to or superior to FBS for MSC proliferation while maintaining multipotency and immunophenotype (CD73+\/CD90+\/CD105+). Used at 5\u201310% in standard MSC expansion media and in microcarrier-based bioreactor systems.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-app-ref\">Kocaoemer et al., 2007; Anselme et al., 2002; PMC7184110<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-app\">\n        <h3>Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Expansion<\/h3>\n        <p>Human AB serum OTC supports ex vivo expansion of HSCs from peripheral blood, bone marrow and cord blood in haematopoietic stem cell expansion media. Used alongside cytokine cocktails (SCF, FLT3L, TPO, IL-3, IL-6) at 2\u20135% to provide growth factor support without xenogenic background.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-app-ref\">Yamaguchi et al., 2002; Sigma-Aldrich H4522 application data<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-app\">\n        <h3>CAR-T & T-Cell Expansion<\/h3>\n        <p>Human Serum AB is the FDA-accepted human serum supplement for CAR-T and TIL manufacturing protocols. Used at 2\u20135% in TexMACS and similar T-cell expansion media. Provides growth support and xeno-free compliance without anti-AB antibody interference. OTC format preferred for maximum growth factor support during rapid T-cell proliferation phases.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-app-ref\">ScienceDirect, Plasma-derived Human AB Serum for CAR-T, IND#27942<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-app\">\n        <h3>Organoid Initiation & Expansion<\/h3>\n        <p>Human AB OTC serum provides a growth factor-rich supplement for organoid initiation from primary tissue. Particularly useful where complete serum-free conditions cannot yet be established or when transitioning from serum-containing to defined media. OTC format ensures PDGF and EGF availability supporting early organoid formation.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-app-ref\">Frontiers in Bioengineering, 2017; PMC5702080<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-app\">\n        <h3>Plasmodium falciparum Culture (Malaria Research)<\/h3>\n        <p>The standard Trager & Jensen continuous P. falciparum culture protocol requires Type AB serum specifically \u2014 non-AB serum causes agglutination of infected erythrocytes. OTC format is preferred as complement is not detrimental at low concentrations and the growth factor content supports parasite-sustaining RBC integrity. Lot validation for parasite growth support is essential.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-app-ref\">Trager & Jensen, 1976; SeamlessBio Human Serum AB application guide<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-app\">\n        <h3>Primary Human Cell Culture \u2014 General<\/h3>\n        <p>For human primary cell types where physiological serum composition matters \u2014 macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, fibroblasts \u2014 Human AB OTC provides a human-matched, xeno-free matrix that more closely reflects the in vivo milieu than FBS. Used in translational in vitro models per Cela et al. (Clin Transl Sci, 2025).<\/p>\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-app-ref\">Cela et al., Clinical and Translational Science, 2025<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- PRODUCT INFO -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-section\">\n    <h2>Product Information<\/h2>\n    <table class=\"sb-otc-info\">\n      <tr><td>Product type<\/td><td>Human Serum Off-the-Clot (OTC) \u2014 Type AB<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Collection method<\/td><td>Off-the-clot \u2014 whole blood allowed to clot naturally without anticoagulants<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Blood type<\/td><td>AB \u2014 pooled from AB donors only. No anti-A or anti-B antibodies.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Donor gender<\/td><td>Mixed (male and female). For male-only Type AB, see Human Serum Type AB Male.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Growth factor content<\/td><td>High \u2014 PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b21, IGF-1, FGF, VEGF from platelet degranulation<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Complement activity<\/td><td>Present in standard (non-HI). Heat inactivated available on request.<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Filtration<\/td><td>0.2 \u00b5m sterile filtered<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Endotoxin<\/td><td>Tested per lot \u2014 LAL method, \u226410 EU\/mL<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Mycoplasma<\/td><td>Tested \u2014 negative<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Viral screening<\/td><td>HBsAg, HCV, HIV-1\/2 Ag+Ab, West Nile Virus NAT, Syphilis \u2014 negative per FDA requirements<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Heat inactivation<\/td><td>Available on request (56\u00b0C, 30 min) \u2014 note: partially reduces growth factor activity<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Origin<\/td><td>EU (Germany \/ Netherlands \/ France) \u00b7 US \u2014 specify on order<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Volumes<\/td><td>10 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL, 500 mL \u00b7 Bulk on request<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Storage<\/td><td>\u221220\u00b0C \u00b7 Batch reservation available \u00b7 Max 3 freeze-thaw cycles<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Documentation<\/td><td>CoA, CoO, SDS, Donor Screening Report, TSE\/BSE Statement<\/td><\/tr>\n      <tr><td>Regulatory status<\/td><td>For research use only<\/td><\/tr>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- WHICH VARIANT -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-section sb-otc-alt\">\n    <h2>Human Serum OTC Type AB \u2014 Which Variant?<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"sb-otc-intro\">SeamlessBio offers four OTC\/AB serum formats. This selection guide helps you choose the right one for your application.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-variant-grid\">\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-variant sb-otc-variant-active\">\n        <div class=\"sb-otc-variant-badge\">This product<\/div>\n        <h3>Human Serum OTC Type AB<\/h3>\n        <p>Mixed gender, blood type AB. Maximum growth factors, universal blood type. Standard choice for MSC, HSC, organoids, P. falciparum culture and general human cell expansion.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-serum-off-the-clot-type-ab-male\/\" class=\"sb-otc-variant sb-otc-variant-link\">\n        <h3>Human Serum OTC Type AB Male<\/h3>\n        <p>Male donors only, blood type AB. Adds HLA alloantibody-free benefit on top of AB universality. Preferred for CAR-T, T-cell assays and ATMP manufacturing requiring maximum cleanliness.<\/p>\n        <span class=\"sb-otc-variant-cta\">View product \u2192<\/span>\n      <\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-serum-off-the-clot\/\" class=\"sb-otc-variant sb-otc-variant-link\">\n        <h3>Human Serum OTC (Standard)<\/h3>\n        <p>Mixed gender, mixed blood types. OTC growth factor profile without blood type restriction. For applications where blood type compatibility is not critical.<\/p>\n        <span class=\"sb-otc-variant-cta\">View product \u2192<\/span>\n      <\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-serum-type-ab-male\/\" class=\"sb-otc-variant sb-otc-variant-link\">\n        <h3>Human Serum Type AB Male (Standard)<\/h3>\n        <p>Standard (not OTC) human serum, male donors, blood type AB. Lower growth factor content than OTC \u2014 suitable where defined, consistent growth factor input is preferred over maximum content.<\/p>\n        <span class=\"sb-otc-variant-cta\">View product \u2192<\/span>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- FAQ -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-section\">\n    <h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-faqs\">\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-faq\">\n        <h3>What does off-the-clot (OTC) mean?<\/h3>\n        <p>Off-the-clot refers to serum produced from whole blood allowed to clot naturally, without anticoagulants. During natural clotting, platelets activate and degranulate \u2014 releasing their full growth factor payload (PDGF, EGF, TGF-\u03b2, IGF-1, FGF) into the serum. This makes OTC serum the growth-factor-richest human serum format available.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-faq\">\n        <h3>Why blood type AB?<\/h3>\n        <p>AB donors carry neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. This makes AB serum universally compatible for human cell culture regardless of the blood type of the cells being cultured \u2014 essential for any application where anti-A or anti-B antibody interference would be detrimental, including P. falciparum culture, MSC expansion and CAR-T manufacturing.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-faq\">\n        <h3>Should I heat inactivate OTC Type AB serum?<\/h3>\n        <p>For cell expansion (MSC, HSC, CAR-T, organoids) \u2014 do not heat inactivate. Growth factors (particularly TGF-\u03b2 and EGF) are partially denatured at 56\u00b0C. Heat inactivation is appropriate for complement-sensitive immunological assays and hematopoietic cell culture where complement could cause unwanted lysis.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-faq\">\n        <h3>Is Human Serum OTC Type AB equivalent to FBS for MSC expansion?<\/h3>\n        <p>Studies have shown Human AB serum (OTC) to be equivalent or superior to FBS for MSC expansion while providing xeno-free compliance. OTC Type AB was validated for MSC expansion from adipose tissue in spinner flasks and 500 mL bioreactors (PMC7184110). FBS superiority is not consistent in MSC applications \u2014 and the regulatory advantage of using human-derived serum for ATMP development is significant.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"sb-otc-faq\">\n        <h3>What concentration should I use?<\/h3>\n        <p>MSC and HSC expansion: 5\u201310%. CAR-T and T-cell expansion: 2\u20135%. Organoid culture: 2\u20135% depending on growth factor requirements of the specific organoid system. P. falciparum: 10% standard (Trager & Jensen protocol). Start with 5% and titrate based on growth response and application-specific requirements.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- RELATED -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-section sb-otc-alt\">\n    <h2>Related Products & Guides<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-related\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-serum-off-the-clot-type-ab-male\/\" class=\"sb-otc-rel\">\n        <h3>Human Serum OTC Type AB Male<\/h3>\n        <p>Add HLA alloantibody-free guarantee \u2014 male donors, blood type AB, off-the-clot.<\/p>\n      <\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/products\/human-sera-plasma-and-more\/human-platelet-lysate-hpl\/\" class=\"sb-otc-rel\">\n        <h3>Human Platelet Lysate (hPL)<\/h3>\n        <p>Maximum growth factor content \u2014 freeze-thaw lysed platelets. Preferred for GMP MSC expansion.<\/p>\n      <\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/applications\/car-t-cell-manufacturing\/\" class=\"sb-otc-rel\">\n        <h3>CAR-T Cell Manufacturing<\/h3>\n        <p>Human AB serum in CAR-T protocols \u2014 concentrations, timing and regulatory considerations.<\/p>\n      <\/a>\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/applications\/malaria-tropical-disease-research\/\" class=\"sb-otc-rel\">\n        <h3>Malaria & Tropical Disease Research<\/h3>\n        <p>P. falciparum culture requirements \u2014 why Type AB is mandatory for continuous parasite culture.<\/p>\n      <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- CTA -->\n  <div class=\"sb-otc-cta\">\n    <h2>Request Human Serum OTC Type AB \u2014 Quote or Sample<\/h2>\n    <p>EU and US origin available. Heat inactivated on request. Batch reservation for continuous culture programmes. Full documentation included.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"sb-otc-cta-btns\">\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seamlessbio.de\/about-us\/contact-imprint\/\" class=\"sb-otc-btn-w\">Contact Us<\/a>\n      <a href=\"mailto:info@seamlessbio.de?subject=Human%20Serum%20OTC%20Type%20AB%20Quote\" class=\"sb-otc-btn-o\">info@seamlessbio.de<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <p class=\"sb-otc-ruo\">For research use only.<\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<style>\n.sb-otc-page,.sb-otc-page *,.sb-otc-page *::before,.sb-otc-page *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\n.sb-otc-page{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#1a1a1a;background:#fff;padding:60px 32px 90px}\n.sb-otc-container{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto}\n.sb-otc-bc{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;align-items:center;font-size:13px;color:#888;margin-bottom:28px}\n.sb-otc-bc a{color:#18b7b2!important;text-decoration:none!important;font-weight:600}\n.sb-otc-bc strong{color:#111}\n.sb-otc-bc 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1993","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Human Serum OTC Type AB - SeamlessBio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seamlessbio.de\/de\/human-serum-otc-type-ab\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Serum OTC Type AB - SeamlessBio\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Home\/ Human Sera &#038; Plasma\/ Human Serum OTC Type AB Off-the-Clot \u00b7 Blood Type AB \u00b7 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