{"id":9110,"date":"2026-09-30T14:22:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T13:22:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wheat-quail-856400.hostingersite.com\/?p=9110"},"modified":"2026-10-20T10:41:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T09:41:54","slug":"cpd-plasma-shortage-citrate-apheresis-plasma-ivd-validation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seamlessbio.de\/de\/cpd-plasma-shortage-citrate-apheresis-plasma-ivd-validation\/","title":{"rendered":"CPD-Plasma-Engpass"},"content":{"rendered":"<!-- ============================================================\n   SeamlessBio Blog Post \u2014 sb-bp Format\n   Slug:  cpd-plasma-shortage-citrate-apheresis-plasma-ivd-validation\n   Yoast SEO Title (60 char max):\n     CPD Plasma Shortage: Switch to Citrate Apheresis | SeamlessBio\n     \u2192 63 chars \u2014 shorten to:\n     CPD Plasma Shortage: Switch to Citrate & Apheresis Plasma\n     \u2192 58 chars \u2713\n   Yoast Meta Description (155 char max):\n     CPD plasma supply is shrinking across Europe. 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}\n.sb-bpcpd-cta a.sb-bpcpd-btn.outline {\n  background: transparent;\n  color: #fff !important;\n  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.8);\n}\n\n\/* \u2500\u2500 FAQ \u2500\u2500 *\/\n.sb-bpcpd-faq { margin-bottom: 28px; }\n.sb-bpcpd-faq h2 {\n  font-size: 1.35rem;\n  font-weight: 700;\n  color: #0e1c2a;\n  margin: 0 0 20px 0;\n}\n.sb-bpcpd-faq details {\n  border: 1px solid #e8f7f7;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n.sb-bpcpd-faq summary {\n  background: #f9fdfd;\n  padding: 16px 20px;\n  font-weight: 600;\n  color: #0e1c2a;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  list-style: none;\n  position: relative;\n  padding-right: 44px;\n}\n.sb-bpcpd-faq summary::after {\n  content: \"+\";\n  position: absolute;\n  right: 20px;\n  top: 50%;\n  transform: translateY(-50%);\n  font-size: 1.3rem;\n  color: #18b7b2;\n  font-weight: 300;\n}\n.sb-bpcpd-faq details[open] summary::after { content: \"\u2212\"; }\n.sb-bpcpd-faq details[open] summary { background: #e8f7f7; }\n.sb-bpcpd-faq .sb-bpcpd-faq-body {\n  padding: 16px 20px;\n  color: #374151;\n  line-height: 1.7;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 680px) {\n  .sb-bpcpd-hero { padding: 32px 20px; }\n  .sb-bpcpd-hero h1 { font-size: 1.55rem; }\n  .sb-bpcpd-card { padding: 24px 20px; }\n  .sb-bpcpd-cta { padding: 28px 20px; }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<!-- HERO -->\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-hero\">\n  <p class=\"sb-bpcpd-meta\">Blog \u00b7 Human Plasma \u00b7 IVD Validation \u00b7 October 2026 \u00b7 7 min read<\/p>\n  <h1>CPD Plasma Is Getting Scarce \u2014 Why IVD Labs Are Switching to Citrate and Apheresis Plasma<\/h1>\n  <p class=\"sb-bpcpd-lead\">CPD plasma was the default validation matrix in diagnostics for one reason: it was cheap and available in bulk. Both of those advantages are fading. Here is what is driving the shortage, how citrate and apheresis plasma compare as replacement matrices, and what the transition means for your IVDR validation programme.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why CPD Plasma Became the Standard for IVD Validation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anticoagulant Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) plasma is a by-product of whole blood donations. When a donor gives a standard whole-blood unit, the plasma fraction \u2014 anticoagulated with CPD solution at a 1:7 ratio \u2014 is separated after centrifugation. For decades, European blood banks produced it in large volumes, and the surplus that was not earmarked for fractionation (albumin, immunoglobulins, clotting factor concentrates) flowed into the diagnostic raw material market at low cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For IVD manufacturers validating immunoassays, haematology analysers, coagulation platforms and clinical chemistry methods, CPD plasma offered a practical compromise: it was human-derived, available in bulk, and cheap enough to use liberally across method development and lot release testing \u2014 even where it was not the closest matrix match to the intended clinical sample type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why CPD Plasma Supply Is Shrinking \u2014 and Will Not Recover<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three structural shifts are reducing CPD plasma availability across the EU, and none of them are temporary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-card\">\n  <h3>1. Blood banks are switching from whole blood to apheresis collection<\/h3>\n  <p>Apheresis allows a single donor to give two to three times the plasma volume of a whole-blood donation in one session, while also enabling targeted component collection (platelets, plasma, red cells separately). As national blood services modernise their collection infrastructure, apheresis is replacing conventional whole-blood donation for plasma procurement. The CPD anticoagulant used in whole-blood bags is not part of the apheresis workflow \u2014 apheresis machines use citrate or ACD-A instead.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>2. Remaining CPD plasma goes to fractionation first<\/h3>\n  <p>The plasma fractionation industry \u2014 producing albumin, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and clotting factors \u2014 is growing steadily with increased demand from ATMP manufacturing, immunodeficiency treatment and haemophilia care. Fractionators hold long-term supply contracts with blood services and take priority. The residual CPD plasma reaching the IVD raw material market is shrinking, and the lots available are increasingly heterogeneous in quality and lot size.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>3. Whole blood donation volumes are declining in DACH and Western Europe<\/h3>\n  <p>Demographic trends, changing donor behaviour and reduced walk-in donation frequency mean fewer whole-blood units are collected per year across Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Fewer donations directly translate to fewer CPD bags and less surplus plasma reaching the research and diagnostic supply chain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-highlight\">\n  <strong>The practical result:<\/strong> CPD plasma lots are getting smaller, less consistent between batches, and more expensive as a sourcing premium is applied to decreasing supply. Labs that built their validation strategies around CPD as a cheap bulk matrix are finding that assumption no longer holds.\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CPD Plasma vs. Citrate Plasma: What Actually Changes in Your Assay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CPD and citrate plasma are not interchangeable in every application. Understanding the matrix differences is essential before bridging studies or revalidation work begins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-table-wrap\">\n  <table class=\"sb-bpcpd-table\">\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Parameter<\/th>\n        <th>CPD Plasma<\/th>\n        <th>Sodium Citrate Plasma (3.2 % \/ 3.8 %)<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Anticoagulant components<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td>Citrate + Phosphate + <strong>Dextrose<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td>Sodium citrate only<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Glucose content<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-warn\">Elevated \u2014 dextrose adds ~20\u201325 mM glucose to the plasma<\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">Physiological glucose level<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Phosphate load<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-warn\">Elevated \u2014 can affect phosphate-sensitive assays<\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">No additional phosphate<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Calcium chelation<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td>Citrate chelates Ca\u00b2\u207a \u2014 not reversible without recalcification<\/td>\n        <td>Citrate chelates Ca\u00b2\u207a \u2014 reversible by adding CaCl\u2082<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Coagulation factor integrity<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">Preserved if frozen quickly<\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">Preserved if frozen quickly; preferred for PT\/APTT assays<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Anticoagulant:blood ratio<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td>1:7 (fixed by bag volume)<\/td>\n        <td>1:9 for 3.2 % sodium citrate (standard) \u2014 consistent<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Collection method<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td>Whole blood only<\/td>\n        <td>Whole blood <em>or<\/em> apheresis<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Typical lot volume<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-warn\">Declining \u2014 increasingly fragmented lots<\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">Scalable \u2014 especially via apheresis (600\u2013800 mL per session)<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Supply outlook (EU)<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-bad\">Tightening \u2014 structural decline expected to continue<\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">Stable and growing with apheresis infrastructure investment<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><strong>Cost trend<\/strong><\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-bad\">Rising as availability drops<\/td>\n        <td class=\"sb-ok\">Competitive \u2014 especially for apheresis bulk volumes<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:16px;\">The most practically relevant difference for immunoassay developers is the glucose artefact from the dextrose component of CPD. If your assay measures glucose directly, or if elevated glucose in the matrix influences antibody binding kinetics or enzyme activity, CPD plasma was never the right choice \u2014 it was just the convenient one. Citrate plasma eliminates this variable entirely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Apheresis Plasma Is the Long-Term Answer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plasmapheresis \u2014 automated plasma collection directly from the donor, without whole-blood donation \u2014 addresses the volume and consistency problems that make CPD plasma increasingly unsuitable as a production matrix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-card\">\n  <h3>Higher volume per donor unit<\/h3>\n  <p>A single apheresis session yields 600\u2013800 mL of plasma from one donor, compared with roughly 200\u2013250 mL of plasma recovered from a standard whole-blood bag. For IVD manufacturers building large reference pools or producing calibrators and controls at scale, apheresis plasma dramatically reduces the number of donor units required per production lot \u2014 which simplifies donor screening, traceability and lot documentation.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>Better between-lot consistency<\/h3>\n  <p>Because each apheresis session produces a higher-purity, higher-volume unit from a single draw \u2014 without the concentration and processing variability inherent in whole-blood separation \u2014 lot-to-lot consistency is markedly better. For calibrator and control manufacturing, where tight protein concentration ranges are critical, this consistency directly reduces the number of bridging lots required over a product&#8217;s lifecycle.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>Anticoagulant is citrate or ACD-A \u2014 not CPD<\/h3>\n  <p>Apheresis machines use sodium citrate or anticoagulant citrate dextrose formula A (ACD-A) as the anticoagulant \u2014 not CPD. This means apheresis plasma inherits all the matrix advantages of citrate plasma: no phosphate, no dextrose artefact, reversible calcium chelation. For labs that have already specified citrate plasma in their validation protocols, apheresis plasma is a direct upgrade in scale, not a matrix change requiring revalidation.<\/p>\n\n  <h3>EU origin with full documentation<\/h3>\n  <p>Apheresis plasma sourced from certified EU donor centres \u2014 including Poland, which operates a well-established plasma apheresis network \u2014 is available with full lot traceability, donor viral screening (HIV, HCV, HBV, syphilis per EDQM and EU Blood Directive standards), Certificate of Analysis, and MSDS. EU origin also simplifies regulatory dossiers under IVDR, which increasingly scrutinises the origin and documentation of biological raw materials used in manufacturing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the Switch Means for Your IVDR Validation Programme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Changing the matrix used in IVD validation is not a like-for-like substitution \u2014 it is a design input change that triggers a defined change control and, in most cases, a bridging study. Under IVDR (EU) 2017\/746, manufacturers are required to maintain the technical documentation of their devices, including evidence that the performance characteristics established in clinical validation remain valid after any change to critical raw materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-highlight\">\n  <strong>Key point for change control:<\/strong> If you are switching from CPD plasma to citrate plasma across an assay that does not measure glucose or phosphate, and your matrix characterisation data (protein concentration range, haemolysis, lipemia, lot-to-lot variation) remains within the same acceptance criteria, a targeted bridging study comparing CPD and citrate plasma performance may be sufficient \u2014 rather than a full revalidation. The earlier you plan this, the more flexibility you have in study design and timing.\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important action is not to wait until your current CPD plasma supply runs out. Labs that begin matrix comparison work now \u2014 while CPD is still available as a reference \u2014 will have the bridging data they need to transition smoothly. Labs that wait will face validation gaps at the worst possible time: when supply is most constrained and lot-to-lot comparability is hardest to establish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-card\">\n  <h2>Transition checklist \u2014 CPD to Citrate\/Apheresis Plasma<\/h2>\n  <ul class=\"sb-bpcpd-list\">\n    <li>Identify all assays currently validated using CPD plasma as the primary matrix<\/li>\n    <li>Assess whether glucose or phosphate content of CPD could have been an active matrix variable in any of those assays<\/li>\n    <li>Source small-volume citrate plasma (3.2 % sodium citrate, pooled, EU origin) for initial side-by-side comparison runs<\/li>\n    <li>Design a bridging study: run both matrices against the same reference panel and compare key performance metrics (accuracy, precision, linearity, interference)<\/li>\n    <li>Document the bridging data in your technical file and update your change control record<\/li>\n    <li>Qualify a long-term citrate or apheresis plasma supplier with defined lot notification, CoA provision, and supply assurance commitments<\/li>\n    <li>Consider reserving an initial bulk lot of apheresis plasma to freeze and hold as a stable reference pool across multiple lot releases<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- CTA -->\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-cta\">\n  <h2>EU-Origin Citrate &amp; Apheresis Plasma \u2014 No Minimum Order<\/h2>\n  <p>Pooled and single-donor citrate plasma (3.2 % \/ 3.8 %), apheresis bulk volumes, and ACD-A format \u2014 sourced from certified EU donor centres, shipped from Germany. Full documentation per lot: CoA, CoO, viral screening records, MSDS.<\/p>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/seamlessbio.de\/human-plasma-apheresis-plasma\/\" class=\"sb-bpcpd-btn\">View Plasma Portfolio<\/a>\n  <a href=\"https:\/\/seamlessbio.de\/contact\/\" class=\"sb-bpcpd-btn outline\">Request a Sample Lot<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- FAQ -->\n\n<div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq\">\n  <h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>What is CPD plasma and why was it used for IVD validation?<\/summary>\n    <div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq-body\">\n      CPD plasma is human plasma anticoagulated with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose solution \u2014 a combination of sodium citrate, monobasic sodium phosphate and dextrose used in whole-blood collection bags. It became the standard validation matrix in many IVD workflows primarily because it was abundant and inexpensive: blood banks produced it as a by-product of whole-blood donations, and surplus material not needed for fractionation reached the diagnostic raw material market at low cost. It was a practical choice, not always the scientifically optimal one.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>What is the difference between CPD plasma and sodium citrate plasma?<\/summary>\n    <div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq-body\">\n      Both use citrate as the primary anticoagulant, but CPD plasma also contains phosphate and dextrose \u2014 components absent in sodium citrate plasma. The dextrose in CPD raises the glucose concentration of the plasma matrix by approximately 20\u201325 mM above physiological levels. Sodium citrate plasma (3.2 % or 3.8 %) contains only the citrate anticoagulant, resulting in a cleaner matrix without the glucose or phosphate load. Citrate plasma is also the required format for coagulation assays (PT, APTT, fibrinogen), because calcium chelation can be reversed by recalcification.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>Can citrate plasma replace CPD plasma in IVD assay validation?<\/summary>\n    <div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq-body\">\n      In the majority of IVD applications \u2014 immunoassays, clinical chemistry panels, and most serology methods \u2014 citrate plasma is a suitable and scientifically more appropriate replacement for CPD plasma. A bridging study comparing assay performance in both matrices is required to support the change in your technical file under IVDR. For assays that do not measure glucose or phosphate and where the anticoagulant type is not a specified design input, bridging data is typically achievable without a full revalidation. We recommend starting the bridging work while CPD plasma is still available as a reference.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>What is apheresis plasma and how does it differ from whole-blood-derived plasma?<\/summary>\n    <div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq-body\">\n      Apheresis plasma is collected directly from donors using automated apheresis machines, which continuously process blood and return the cellular components (red cells, platelets) to the donor while retaining the plasma. This allows collection of 600\u2013800 mL of plasma per session from a single donor \u2014 two to three times the volume recoverable from a whole-blood donation. The anticoagulant used is sodium citrate or ACD-A, not CPD. Apheresis plasma is inherently more consistent between units, available in larger individual lot volumes, and fully traceable to a single donor unit \u2014 making it the preferred format for IVD calibrator and control manufacturing where lot homogeneity is critical.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>Does switching from CPD to citrate plasma require revalidation under IVDR?<\/summary>\n    <div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq-body\">\n      Yes \u2014 changing the matrix used in IVD validation constitutes a change to a critical raw material and must be managed through your change control process under IVDR (EU) 2017\/746. The extent of the revalidation depends on the assay type and the degree of matrix influence. For assays where glucose and phosphate are not active matrix variables, a targeted bridging study comparing key performance metrics (accuracy, precision, linearity, interference profile) in both CPD and citrate plasma is generally sufficient to update the technical documentation without a full analytical performance study. Starting this work proactively \u2014 while both matrix types are available for side-by-side comparison \u2014 gives you the most flexibility in study design and timeline.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n  <details>\n    <summary>Where can I order citrate plasma and apheresis plasma in Germany or the EU?<\/summary>\n    <div class=\"sb-bpcpd-faq-body\">\n      SeamlessBio supplies citrate plasma (sodium citrate 3.2 % and 3.8 %), ACD-A plasma, EDTA plasma, and bulk apheresis plasma from certified EU donor centres, with shipping from Germany. Pooled multi-donor lots, single-donor units, and AB-type male plasma are available without minimum order quantity. Full documentation (CoA, CoO, viral screening, MSDS) is provided per lot. Contact info@seamlessbio.de or visit seamlessbio.de\/human-plasma-apheresis-plasma\/ for specifications and volume pricing.\n    <\/div>\n  <\/details>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- FAQPage JSON-LD -->\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is CPD plasma and why was it used for IVD validation?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"CPD plasma is human plasma anticoagulated with Citrate Phosphate Dextrose solution \u2014 a combination of sodium citrate, monobasic sodium phosphate and dextrose used in whole-blood collection bags. It became the standard validation matrix in many IVD workflows primarily because it was abundant and inexpensive: blood banks produced it as a by-product of whole-blood donations, and surplus material not needed for fractionation reached the diagnostic raw material market at low cost.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is the difference between CPD plasma and sodium citrate plasma?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Both use citrate as the primary anticoagulant, but CPD plasma also contains phosphate and dextrose \u2014 components absent in sodium citrate plasma. The dextrose in CPD raises the glucose concentration of the plasma matrix by approximately 20\u201325 mM above physiological levels. 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For assays that do not measure glucose or phosphate and where the anticoagulant type is not a specified design input, bridging data is typically achievable without a full revalidation.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"What is apheresis plasma and how does it differ from whole-blood-derived plasma?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Apheresis plasma is collected directly from donors using automated apheresis machines, which retain the plasma while returning cellular components to the donor. This allows collection of 600\u2013800 mL per session \u2014 two to three times the volume from a whole-blood donation. Apheresis plasma uses sodium citrate or ACD-A as the anticoagulant, not CPD. It is more consistent between units and available in larger individual lot volumes, making it the preferred format for IVD calibrator and control manufacturing.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Does switching from CPD to citrate plasma require revalidation under IVDR?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"Yes \u2014 changing the matrix used in IVD validation constitutes a change to a critical raw material and must be managed through your change control process under IVDR (EU) 2017\/746. For assays where glucose and phosphate are not active matrix variables, a targeted bridging study comparing key performance metrics in both CPD and citrate plasma is generally sufficient to update the technical documentation without a full analytical performance study.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Where can I order citrate plasma and apheresis plasma in Germany or the EU?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"SeamlessBio supplies citrate plasma (sodium citrate 3.2 % and 3.8 %), ACD-A plasma, EDTA plasma, and bulk apheresis plasma from certified EU donor centres, with shipping from Germany. Pooled multi-donor lots, single-donor units, and AB-type male plasma are available without minimum order quantity. Full documentation per lot. Contact info@seamlessbio.de or visit seamlessbio.de\/human-plasma-apheresis-plasma\/.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blog \u00b7 Human Plasma \u00b7 IVD Validation \u00b7 October 2026 \u00b7 7 min read CPD Plasma Is Getting Scarce \u2014 Why IVD Labs Are Switching to Citrate and Apheresis Plasma CPD plasma was the default validation matrix in diagnostics for one reason: it was cheap and available in bulk. Both of those advantages are fading. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CPD Plasma Shortage: Switch to Citrate Apheresis | SeamlessBio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CPD plasma supply is shrinking across Europe. 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