HEK293T Serum-Free Adaptation Protocol
HEK293T cells adapt to serum-free medium more readily than most mammalian cell lines — but the adaptation process has one critical failure point that most protocols ignore: the suspension cells […]
MSC Expansion — hPL vs FBS
The evidence base comparing human platelet lysate (hPL) and FBS for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion has grown substantially over the past decade. The conclusion is remarkably consistent across studies, […]
CAR-T Cell Expansion — hPL vs FBS
The shift from FBS to human platelet lysate (hPL) in CAR-T cell manufacturing is no longer a regulatory preference — it is becoming the de facto standard for clinical-grade production. […]
AAV Empty vs Full Capsid Ratio
A 2025 multi-omics study found that 46% of HEK293T cells in a standard triple transfection AAV production run lacked transcripts from at least one of the three plasmids — meaning […]
2D Bioprocessing Bags for AAV Drug Substance
AAV drug substance freeze-thaw is one of the most critical unit operations in gene therapy manufacturing — and one of the most underappreciated sources of product loss. The choice of […]
FBS vs. Serum-Free for AAV Production
The question is not whether serum-free medium is better than FBS for AAV production — in terms of titre, a well-optimised serum-free medium matches FBS. The question is when the […]
Serum-Free Medium for AAV Production
Moving AAV production from serum-containing to serum-free medium is increasingly driven by regulatory pressure — particularly for IND-enabling and clinical-grade AAV where animal-derived components require extensive TSE/BSE documentation. This post […]
HEK293T Confluency at Transfection
Every AAV production protocol says it: “transfect at 70–80% confluency.” But few explain why this number is so critical — and fewer still explain how to actually measure it reliably […]
Why FBS Lot Variability Is the Biggest Variable in AAV Production — and How to Control It
Every AAV production lab has experienced it: two identical production runs, same protocol, same plasmids, same cell passage number — but a 3–5× difference in viral titre between runs. The […]
Cross-Reactivity
Cross-reactivity testing is one of the most under-resourced parts of IVD performance evaluation — until a Notified Body review flags missing data two weeks before your submission deadline. This post […]